Title IX prohibits discrimination based on what factor?

Title IX is a federal law enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1972, primarily aimed at preventing sex-based discrimination in educational programs and activities that receive federal funding. The primary focus of Title IX is to ensure equal opportunities, treatment, and access for individuals regardless of their sex. It addresses issues such as sexual harassment, unequal athletic opportunities, and other forms of discrimination that can affect students' rights based on their gender.

While the other options—race, age, and disability—are covered under different civil rights laws, such as Title VI of the Civil Rights Act (which addresses racial discrimination) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (which focuses on discrimination based on disability), Title IX specifically targets discrimination based on sex. This unique focus makes it a critical piece of legislation in promoting gender equity in education. The correct answer highlights Title IX's specific mission to combat sex discrimination in educational institutions.